Unix/Emacs Reference Card
                           -------------------------

Note:  Don't type the '<' and '>' characters--they delimit ...


Files:

  ls                            Lists files
  rm <file>                     Removes <file>
  cp <from> <to>                Makes a copy of <from> named <to>
  mv <file> <newname>           Renames <file> as <newname>


Directories:

  cd <directory>                Go to <directory> (stands for "change
                                directory"
  cd                            Go to your home directory
  pwd                           Show the name of the current directory
  mkdir <name>                  Make a new directory called <name>
  rmdir <name>                  Remove the directory called <name> (the
                                directory must be empty


File Names:

  <file>                        An ordinary file
  <dir>/<file>                  A file named <file> in a directory named <dir>
  /                             The root directory
  ~                             Your home directory
  ~<user>                       The home directory of <user>
  .                             The current directory
  ..                            The "parent" of the current directory


File Details

  ls -l                         Describe files in more detail
  ls -a                         List files whose names begin with a period
                                (such files are usually omitted by ls)
  ls -R                         List files, including all subdirectories
                                (stands for "list recursively")
  chmod <whom>+<what> <file>    Allow <whom> to do <what> to <file>
                                <whom> may be one of the following:
                                  u    The owner of the file
                                  o    Everyone else
                                  a    Everybody
                                <what> may be one of the following:
                                  r    Read the file
                                  w    Write the file
                                  x    Execute the file
  chmod <whom>-<what> <file>    Prohibit <whom> from doing <what> to <file>,
                                where <whom> and <what> are as above


Emacs: Multiple Buffers

  C-x C-f                       Find a file
  C-x C-s                       Save the current buffer
  C-x b                         Switch to another buffer
  C-x C-b                       Display a list of all buffers
  C-x k                         Kill the current buffer


Emacs: Windows

  C-x o                         Switch to the other window (that's the letter
                                'o', not a zero)
  C-x 1                         Display only one window
  C-x 2                         Split the current window horizontally
  C-x 5                         Split the current window vertically


Emacs: Moving

  C-b; C-f                      Go back one space; go forward one space
  M-b; M-f                      Go bck one word; go forward one word
  C-a; C-e                      Go to the beginning of the line; go to the end
                                of the line
  C-p; C-n                      Go to previous line; go to next line
  C-v; M-v                      Go down a page; go up a page
  M-<; M->                      Go to the begining of the buffer; go to the end
                                of the buffer
  C-s; C-r                      Search forward; search backward (escape exits
                                the search)


Emacs: Cut and Paste

  C-d; delete                   Delete next character; delete previous
                                character 
  M-d; M-delete                 Melete next word; delete previous word
  C-k                           Cut to the end of the line
  C-space; C-v                  Set the mark; cut from cursor to mark (stands
                                for "wipe")
  C-y                           Paste the last text cut or copied (stands for
                                "yank") 
  M-y                           Retrieve older cuts (can only be used
                                immediately after C-y)


Emacs: Sending Mail

  C-x m                         Start a new mail message
  C-c C-c                       Send the mail message


Emacs: Reading Mail

  M-x vm return                 Start the mail viewer (stands for "view mail")
  space                         Look at next message
  n; p                          Go to next message; go to previous message
                                (skips deleted messages)
  N; P                          Go to next message; go to previous message
                                (doesn't skip deleted messages)
  d; u                          Delete message; undelete message
  h                             Display a list of all messages (stands for
                                "headers")
  r; R                          Reply to message; reply to message, quoting
                                original message
  q                             Quit the mail viewer, saving new messages